Monday, 19 March 2012

Germoloids Suppositories & Ointment Duo Pack





1. Name Of The Medicinal Product



Germoloids Suppositories & Ointment Duo Pack


2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition



Suppositories Ointment



Zinc Oxide 283.5 mg 6.6% w/w



Lidocaine Hydrochloride 13.2 mg 0.7% w/w



For excipients, see section 6.1.



3. Pharmaceutical Form



Suppository for rectal administration.



Ointment for topical administration.



4. Clinical Particulars



4.1 Therapeutic Indications



The symptomatic relief of pain, swelling, irritation and itching associated with haemorrhoids and pruritus ani.



4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration



Adults and children aged 12 years and over:



Suppositories:



One suppository to be inserted into the rectum on retiring at night and in the morning, preferably after a bowel movement. If necessary the suppository may be used at any time during the day with a minimum of three to four hours between suppositories. Do not use more than four suppositories in any 24-hour period.



Ointment:



Apply to the affected area at least twice a day with a minimum of three to four hours between applications. Further applications can be made at any time of day and are particularly recommended after a bowel movement. Do not use more than four times in any 24-hour period.



Children under 12:



Only as directed by a doctor.



The elderly:



The normal adult dose may be used.



4.3 Contraindications



Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.



4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use



Persons who continually suffer from haemorrhoids, have severe haemorrhoids or experience excessive bleeding, are advised to consult a doctor.



4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction



None known.



4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation



There is a lack of definitive evidence of safety of the product in human pregnancy and lactation. However, lidocaine hydrochloride and zinc oxide have been in wide use for many years without apparent ill consequence. It is not necessary to contraindicate this product in pregnancy and lactation provided caution is exercised and the directions for use are followed. However, as with all medicines, the advice of a doctor should be sought.



4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines



None.



4.8 Undesirable Effects



Very rarely increased irritation may occur at the site of application when using the suppositories or the ointment.



Very rarely burning sensations may occur at the site of application when using the ointment. Rarely rashes may occur.



4.9 Overdose



It is very unlikely that overdosage would occur from these pharmaceutical forms. Symptoms of lidocaine overdosage would be unlikely to occur even after rectal insertion of large quantities.



Normally there should be no systemic adverse effects, but at worst CNS and cardiovascular effects are possible. Treatment would be symptomatic after withdrawal of the product.



In the case of accidental oral ingestion, the advice of a doctor should be sought.



5. Pharmacological Properties



5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties



Zinc oxide has astringent, antiseptic, soothing and protectant properties.



Lidocaine hydrochloride has a local anaesthetic action.



The suppository and ointment bases have lubricant and emollient properties.



5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties



The product has a local action with minimal risk of systemic effects. Lidocaine has a fast onset and intermediate duration of action. It is partially absorbed but plasma levels will be low, in view of the concentration of lidocaine in the product. It undergoes de-ethylation in the liver, where clearance approaches the rate of hepatic flow.



5.3 Preclinical Safety Data



Preclinical safety data on the active ingredients in the literature have not revealed any pertinent and conclusive findings which are of relevance to the recommended dosage and use of the product.



6. Pharmaceutical Particulars



6.1 List Of Excipients



Suppository:



Hard fat



Methyl salicylate



Glyceryl tristearate



Ointment:



Yellow soft paraffin



Wool fat



Methyl salicylate



Propylene glycol



Menthol crystals



6.2 Incompatibilities



None known.



6.3 Shelf Life



36 months.



6.4 Special Precautions For Storage



Do not store above 25oC.



6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container



Suppository:



Preformed PVC/polyethylene laminate moulds. Strips of suppositories are packed in a boxboard carton. Six suppositories per strip, two strips per carton.



Ointment:



a) Flexible aluminium tubes, internally lacquered, fitted with a polypropylene cap contained in a boxboard carton.



b) Aluminium laminate tube consisting of 150µm Polyethylene /5µm polyacrylate outer layer, 30µm alumininum and an inner layer of 30µm polyacrylate / 60µm polyethylene, fitted with a HD polyethylene shoulder, an aluminium/surlyn tamper evident seal, HD polypropylene cap.



Pack size: Each carton contains 12 suppositories and 15ml ointment.



6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling



Not applicable.



Administrative Data


7. Marketing Authorisation Holder



Bayer plc,



Bayer House



Strawberry Hill



Newbury



Berkshire



RG14 1JA



United Kingdom



Trading as Bayer plc, Consumer Care Division.



8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)



PL 0010/0277



9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation



25th July 2006



10. Date Of Revision Of The Text



16th June 2005




Saturday, 17 March 2012

Egrifta


Pronunciation: TES-a-moe-REL-in
Generic Name: Tesamorelin
Brand Name: Egrifta


Egrifta is used for:

Reducing excess stomach fat in certain HIV-infected patients.


Egrifta is a human growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) analog. It works by stimulating the pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH). This causes the breakdown of excess stomach fat.


Do NOT use Egrifta if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Egrifta or to mannitol

  • you are pregnant

  • you have cancer, an underactive pituitary gland, or a pituitary gland tumor

  • you have had your pituitary gland removed, pituitary gland surgery, radiation treatment of the head, or a head injury

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Egrifta:


Some medical conditions may interact with Egrifta. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are planning to become pregnant or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have a history of cancer, non-cancerous growths, or diabetes

  • if you have severe breathing problems (eg, respiratory failure); a serious illness caused by complications from surgery, injury, or trauma; or kidney or liver problems

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Egrifta. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:


  • Anticonvulsants (eg, phenytoin), corticosteroids (eg, prednisone), cyclosporine, or sex hormones (eg, estradiol, testosterone) because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Egrifta

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Egrifta may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Egrifta:


Use Egrifta as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • An extra patient leaflet is available with Egrifta. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.

  • Egrifta is usually given as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. If you will be using Egrifta at home, a health care provider will teach you how to use it. Be sure you understand how to use Egrifta. Follow the procedures you are taught when you use a dose. Contact your health care provider if you have any questions.

  • Do not use Egrifta if it contains particles, is cloudy or discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged.

  • Use the proper technique taught to you by your doctor. Inject deep under the skin, NOT into a vein or muscle.

  • Be sure to rotate your injection site on the stomach area with each dose as directed. Do not inject Egrifta into scar tissue, bruises, or the belly button.

  • Do not prepare Egrifta until you are ready to use it. After mixing, use Egrifta right away and throw away any unused medicine. Do not store prepared doses for later use.

  • Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and pets. Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Ask your health care provider how to dispose of these materials after use. Follow all local rules for disposal.

  • If you miss a dose of Egrifta, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Egrifta.



Important safety information:


  • The safety of long-term use of Egrifta is not known. Contact your doctor if your condition does not improve while you use Egrifta.

  • Egrifta is not intended to manage weight loss.

  • Egrifta may raise your blood sugar. High blood sugar may make you feel confused, drowsy, or thirsty. It can also make you flush, breathe faster, or have a fruit-like breath odor. If these symptoms occur, tell your doctor right away.

  • Diabetes patients - Egrifta may affect your blood sugar. Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.

  • Lab tests, including IGF-I and blood sugar levels, may be performed while you use Egrifta. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

  • Egrifta should not be used in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Do not use Egrifta if you are pregnant. It may cause harm to the fetus. Avoid becoming pregnant while you are taking it. If you become pregnant, stop taking Egrifta and contact your doctor right away. It is not known if Egrifta is found in breast milk. Mothers infected with HIV should not breast-feed. There is a risk of passing the HIV infection or Egrifta to the baby.


Possible side effects of Egrifta:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Nausea; night sweats; stomach upset; trouble sleeping; vomiting.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; flushing; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, throat, or tongue); arm, joint, leg, or muscle pain; burning, numbness, or tingling of the skin; decreased sense of touch; fainting or faintness; fast or irregular heartbeat; mental or mood changes (eg, depression); muscle or joint soreness or stiffness; numbness, pain, or weakness in your wrist, hand, or fingers, redness, swelling, itching, pain, irritation, rash, bleeding, or bruising at the injection site; shortness of breath or trouble breathing; swelling of the hands, ankles, or feet; symptoms of high blood sugar (eg, increased thirst, hunger, or urination; confusion; drowsiness; flushing; rapid breathing; fruit-like breath odor).



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Egrifta side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.


Proper storage of Egrifta:

Egrifta comes with 2 boxes, one with the medicine and one with syringes, needles, and solution to mix with the medicine. Store the medicine box in the refrigerator, between 36 and 46 degrees F (2 and 8 degrees C). Do not freeze. Store in original packaging until just before use. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Store the box with the solution, syringes, and needles at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C). Do not use Egrifta after its expiration date. Keep Egrifta out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Egrifta, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Egrifta is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Egrifta. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Egrifta resources


  • Egrifta Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Egrifta Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Egrifta Drug Interactions
  • Egrifta Support Group
  • 2 Reviews for Egrifta - Add your own review/rating


  • Egrifta Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Egrifta Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Egrifta Consumer Overview

  • Tesamorelin Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Egrifta with other medications


  • Lipodystrophy

Friday, 16 March 2012

Wilate


Pronunciation: AN-tye-HEE-moe-FIL-ik FAK-tor/von WILL-a-brand FAK-tor
Generic Name: Antihemophilic Factor/von Willebrand Factor
Brand Name: Wilate


Wilate is used for:

Treating bleeding episodes in certain patients with von Willebrand disease.


Wilate is a human clotting factor complex prepared from pooled human plasma. It works by increasing the amount of clotting factor VIII and von Willebrand factor in the blood. This helps the blood to clot properly, which helps to stop bleeding.


Do NOT use Wilate if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Wilate (including polysorbate 80) or in the container

  • you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue) to other medicines that contain antihemophilic factor or von Willebrand factor or other medicines made from human plasma

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Wilate:


Some medical conditions may interact with Wilate. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have a history of blood clots in the legs, lungs, or eye, or if you are at risk for developing blood clots

  • if you have hemophilia A

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Wilate. However, no specific interactions with Wilate are known at this time.


Ask your health care provider if Wilate may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Wilate:


Use Wilate as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Wilate is usually given as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. If you will be using Wilate at home, a health care provider will teach you how to use it. Be sure you understand how to use Wilate. Follow the procedures you are taught when you use a dose. Contact your health care provider if you have any questions.

  • Do not shake Wilate. Gently swirl to mix.

  • Wilate should be colorless to slightly yellow in appearance after it has been mixed. Do not use Wilate if it contains particles, is cloudy or discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged.

  • Use Wilate immediately after mixing. Discard any remaining solution after use.

  • Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and pets. Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Ask your health care provider how to dispose of these materials after use. Follow all local rules for disposal.

  • If you miss a dose of Wilate, contact your doctor right away.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Wilate.



Important safety information:


  • Wilate may cause dizziness. This effect may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Wilate with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.

  • Patients receiving clotting factors sometimes develop antibodies or inhibitors to the medicine. This makes it less effective. If Wilate stops working or does not work as well as it has before, contact your doctor immediately for instructions.

  • Wilate is made from human blood. There is a very rare risk of getting a viral disease or a central nervous system disease called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from products made from human blood. Discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor. Discuss whether you should receive a hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine.

  • Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Wilate before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.

  • Lab tests, including factor VIII levels and von Willebrand factor levels, may be performed while you use Wilate. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: It is not known if Wilate can cause harm to the fetus. If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Wilate while you are pregnant. It is not known if Wilate is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Wilate, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.


Possible side effects of Wilate:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Dizziness; mild itching at the injection site.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); burning or stinging at the injection site; calf or leg pain, redness, swelling, or tenderness; chest pain; coughing up blood; fainting; fast heartbeat; fever or chills; flushing; nausea; new or worsening bruising or bleeding; restlessness; severe or persistent dizziness or headache; shortness of breath; sluggishness; tingling; unusual weakness or fatigue; vomiting; wheezing.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Wilate side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.


Proper storage of Wilate:

Store Wilate in the refrigerator, between 36 and 46 degrees F (2 and 8 degrees C). Do not freeze. Do not use past the expiration date on the container. Wilate also may be stored at room temperature, below 77 degrees F (25 degrees C), for up to 6 months or until the expiration date, whichever occurs first. Store away from heat and light. Do not return Wilate to the refrigerator once it has been stored at room temperature. Keep Wilate out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Wilate, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Wilate is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Wilate. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Wilate resources


  • Wilate Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Wilate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Wilate Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Wilate - Add your own review/rating


  • Wilate Consumer Overview

  • Wilate Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Alphanate Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Humate-P Prescribing Information (FDA)



Compare Wilate with other medications


  • von Willebrand's Disease

Thursday, 15 March 2012

Fragmin - Extended Treatment in Oncology (5000, 7500, 10000, 12500, 15000, 18000 I.U Syringes)





1. Name Of The Medicinal Product

Single Dose Syringes


1. 



2. 



3. 



4. 



5. 



6. 


2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition



Active ingredient



Dalteparin sodium (INN)



Quality according to Ph Eur and in-house specification



1. Fragmin 5,000 IU : Single dose syringe containing dalteparin sodium 5,000IU (anti-Factor Xa*) in 0.2ml solution for injection equivalent to 25,000IU/ml.



2. Fragmin 7,500 IU : Single dose syringe containing dalteparin sodium 7,500IU (anti-Factor Xa*) in 0.3ml solution for injection equivalent to 25,000 IU/ml.



3. Fragmin 10,000 IU : Single dose syringe containing dalteparin sodium 10,000IU (anti-Factor Xa*) in 0.4ml solution for injection equivalent to 25,000 IU/ml.



4. Fragmin 12,500 IU : Single dose syringe containing dalteparin sodium 12,500IU (anti-Factor Xa*) in 0.5ml solution for injection equivalent to 25,000 IU/ml.



5. Fragmin 15,000 IU : Single dose syringe containing dalteparin sodium 15,000IU (anti-Factor Xa*) in 0.6ml solution for injection equivalent to 25,000 IU/ml.



6. Fragmin 18,000 IU : Single dose syringe containing dalteparin sodium 18,000IU (anti-Factor Xa*) in 0.72ml solution for injection equivalent to 25,000 IU/ml.



For excipients see section 6.1.



1 – 6 : Fragmin does not contain preservatives



*Potency is described in International anti-Factor Xa units (IU) of the 1st International Standard for Low Molecular Weight Heparin.



3. Pharmaceutical Form



Solution for injection for subcutaneous administration.



4. Clinical Particulars



4.1 Therapeutic Indications



Patients with solid tumours: Extended treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prevention of its recurrence.



4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration



Recommended dosage for adults : Single Dose Syringes



Patients with solid tumours: Extended treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prevention of its recurrence.



Month 1



Administer Fragmin 200 IU/kg total body weight subcutaneously (SC) once daily for the first 30 days of treatment. The total daily dose should not exceed 18,000 IU daily.
















Body Weight (kg)




Dose (IU)




<46




7 500




46-56




10 000




57-68




12 500




69-82




15 000




83 and over




18 000*



Maximum dose of 18, 000 IU was used in patient weighing up to 132 kg in the CLOT study.



In the case of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, Fragmin dose should be adopted as follows:



- In patients receiving Fragmin who experience platelet counts between 50,000 and 100,000/mm3, the daily dose of Fragmin should be reduced by 2,500 IU until the platelet count recovers to 3.



- In patients receiving Fragmin who experience platelet counts <50,000/mm3, Fragmin should be discontinued until the platelet count recovers above 50,000/mm3.



Months 2-6



Fragmin should be administered at a dose of approximately 150 IU/kg, subcutaneously, once daily using fixed dose syringes and the table shown below.
















Body Weight (kg)




Dose (IU)







7 500




57 to 68




10 000




69 to 82




12 500




83 to 98




15 000







18 000



Recommended duration of treatment is 6 months (first month of Fragmin treatment is included). Relevance of continuing treatment beyond this period will be evaluated according to individual risk/benefit ratio, taking into account particularly the progression of cancer. No data is available with dalteparin beyond 6 months of treatment in the CLOT study.



In the case of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, Fragmin dose should be adopted as follows:



- With platelet counts <50,000/mm3, Fragmin dosing should be interrupted until the platelet count recovers above 50,000/mm3



- For platelet counts between 50,000 and 100,000/mm3, Fragmin should be reduced as illustrated in the table below depending on the patient's weight. Once the platelet count has recovered to 3, Fragmin should be re-instituted at full dose.






















Body Weight



(kg)




Scheduled Fragmin Dose (IU)




Reduced Fragmin Dose (IU)







7 500




5 000




57 to 68




10 000




7 500




69 to 82




12 500




10 000




83 to 98




15 000




12 500







18 000




15 000



Renal failure:



In the case of significant renal failure, defined as a creatinine clearance <30 ml/min, the dose of Fragmin should be adjusted based on anti-Factor Xa activity. If the anti-Factor Xa level is below or above the desired range, the dose of Fragmin should be increased or reduced respectively, and the anti-Factor Xa measurement should be repeated after 3-4 new doses. This dose adjustment should be repeated until the desired anti-Factor Xa level is achieved.



As an indication, on the basis of the data available in CLOT, the observed mean levels (min, max) between 4 and 6 hours after administration in patients without severe renal insufficiency were 1.11 IU anti-Factor Xa/ml (0.6; 1.88) and 1.03 IU anti-Factor Xa/ml (0.54; 1.70), respectively, on week 1 and 4 of dalteparin 200 IU/kg OD. Anti-Factor Xa activity determinations were conducted by the chromogenic method.



For patients with an increased risk of bleeding, it is recommended that Fragmin be administered according to the twice daily regimen detailed for Fragmin 10,000 IU/ml ampoules or Fragmin Multidose Vial.



Children



Not recommended for children.



Elderly



Fragmin has been used safely in elderly patients without the need for dosage adjustment.



Method of Administration



By subcutaneous injection, preferably into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue anterolaterally or posterolaterally, or into the lateral part of the thigh. Patients should be supine and the total length of the needle should be introduced vertically, not at an angle, into the thick part of a skin fold, produced by squeezing the skin between thumb and forefinger; the skin fold should be held throughout the injection.



4.3 Contraindications



Known hypersensitivity to Fragmin or other low molecular weight heparins and/or heparins e.g. history of confirmed or suspected immunologically mediated heparin induced thrombocytopenia (type II), acute gastroduodenal ulcer; cerebral haemorrhage; known haemorrhagic diathesis; serious coagulation disorders; septic endocarditis; haemorrhagic pericardial effusion and haemorrhagic pleural effusion; injuries to and operations on the central nervous system, eyes and ears.



In patients receiving Fragmin for treatment rather than prophylaxis, local and/or regional anaesthesia in elective surgical procedures is contra-indicated with high doses of dalteparin (such as those needed to treat acute deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and unstable coronary artery disease).



In cancer patients with body weight < 40kg at time of venous thromboembolic event, Fragmin should not be used for extended treatment of symptomatic VTE and prevention of its recurrences due to lack of data.



Dalteparin should not be used in patients who have suffered a recent (within 3 months) stroke



Unless due to systemic emboli.



4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use



Do not administer by the intramuscular route. Due to the risk of haematoma, intramuscular injection of other medical preparations should be avoided when the twenty-four hour dose of dalteparin exceeds 5,000 IU.



Caution should be exercised in patients in whom there is an increased risk of bleeding complications, e.g. following surgery or trauma, haemorrhagic stroke, severe liver or renal failure, thrombocytopenia or defective platelet function, uncontrolled hypertension, hypertensive or diabetic retinopathy, patients receiving concurrent anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents (see interactions section). Caution shall also be observed at high-dose treatment with dalteparin (such as those needed to treat acute deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and unstable coronary artery disease).



Limited data are available regarding the safety and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in patients with primary or metastatic tumours of the brain who develop concurrent thromboembolic events. There is a risk of fatal intracranial bleeding with use of anticoagulation in this category of patients. Therefore, if the treatment with Fragmin was considered, it should be monitored closely with regular re-assessment of the status of tumour involvement of the brain and other individual risks.



Thrombocytopenia, should it occur, usually appears within three weeks following the beginning of therapy. Therefore, it is recommended that the platelet counts are measured before starting treatment with Fragmin and monitored closely in first three weeks and regularly thereafter during treatment. Special caution is necessary in rapidly developing thrombocytopenia and severe thrombocytopenia (<100,000/µl) associated with positive or unknown results of in-vitro tests for anti-platelet antibody in the presence of Fragmin or other low molecular weight (mass) heparins and/or heparin.



Fragmin induces only a moderate prolongation of the APTT and thrombin time. Accordingly, dosage increments based upon prolongation of the APTT may cause overdosage and bleeding. Therefore, prolongation of the APTT should only be used as a test of overdosage.



Monitoring Anti-Xa Levels



Monitoring ofAnti-Xa Levels in patients using Fragmin is not usually required but should be considered for specific patient populations such as paediatrics, those with renal failure, those who are very thin or morbidly obese, pregnant or at increased risk for bleeding or rethrombosis



Where monitoring is necessary, laboratory assays using a chromogenic substrate are considered the method of choice for measuring anti-Xa levels. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) or thrombin time should not be used because these tests are relatively insensitive to the activity of dalteparin. Increasing the dose of dalteparin in an attempt to prolong APTT may result in bleeding (see section 4.9 Overdosage).



Patients under chronic haemodialysis with dalteparin need as a rule fewer dosage adjustments and as a result fewer controls of anti-Xa levels. Patients undergoing acute haemodialysis may be more unstable and should have a more comprehensive monitoring of anti-Xa levels (See Section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties).



Patients with severely disturbed hepatic function, significant renal failure or chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia may need a reduction in dosage and should be monitored accordingly.



If a transmural myocardial infarction occurs in patients where thrombolytic treatment might be appropriate, this does not necessitate discontinuation of treatment with Fragmin but might increase the risk of bleeding.



As individual low molecular weight (mass) heparins have differing characteristics, switching to an alternative low molecular weight heparin should be avoided. The directions for use relating to each specific product must be observed as different dosages may be required.



Interchangeability with other anticoagulants



Dalteparin cannot be used interchangeably (unit for unit) with unfractionated heparin, other low molecular weight heparins, or synthetic polysaccharides. Each of these medicines differ in their starting raw materials, manufacturing process, physico-chemical, biological, and clinical properties, leading to differences in biochemical identity, dosing and possibly clinical efficacy and safety. Each of these medicines is unique and has its own instructions for use.



Heparin can suppress adrenal secretion of aldosterone leading to hyperkalaemia, particularly in patients such as those with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, pre-existing metabolic acidosis, a raised plasma potassium or taking potassium sparing drugs. The risk of hyperkalaemia appears to increase with duration of therapy but is usually reversible. Plasma potassium should be measured in patients at risk before starting heparin therapy and monitored regularly thereafter particularly if treatment is prolonged beyond about 7 days.



In patients undergoing spinal or epidural anaesthesia, the prophylactic use of heparin may be very rarely associated with spinal haematomas resulting in prolonged or permanent paralysis. The risk is increased by use of an epidural or spinal catheter for anaesthesia, by the concomitant use of drugs (NSAIDs), platelet inhibitors or anti-coagulants and by traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal puncture.



In decision-making on the interval between the last administration of Fragmin at prophylactic doses and the placement or removal of a peridural or spinal catheter for anaesthesia, the product characteristics and the patient profile should be taken into account. Readministration should be delayed until at least four hours after the surgical procedure is completed.



Should a physician, as a clinical judgement, decide to administer anticoagulation in the context of peridual spinal anaesthesia, extreme vigilance and frequent monitoring must be exercised to detect any signs and symptoms of neurologic impairment such as back pain, sensory or motor deficits (numbness and weakness in lower limbs) and bowel or bladder dysfunction. Nurses should be trained to detect such signs and symptoms. Patients should be instructed to inform immediately a nurse or a clinician if they experience any of these.



If signs or symptoms of epidural or spinal haematoma are suspected, urgent diagnosis and treatment may include spinal cord decompression.



There have been no adequate studies to assess the safe and effective use of Fragmin in preventing valve thrombosis in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Prophylactic doses of Fragmin are not sufficient to prevent valve thrombosis in patients with prosthetic heart valves. The use of Fragmin cannot be recommended for this purpose.



Paediatric Patients:



Clinical experience of treatment of children is limited. If dalteparin is used in children the anti-Xa levels should be monitored.



The administration of medications containing benzyl alcohol as a preservative to premature neonates has been associated with a fatal “Gasping Syndrome” (see section 4.6 pregnancy and lactation).



Elderly patients (especially patients aged eighty years and above) may be at an increased risk for bleeding complications within the therapeutic dosage ranges. Careful clinical monitoring is advised.



4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction



The possibility of the following interactions with Fragmin should be considered:



(i) An enhancement of the anticoagulant effect by anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents e.g. aspirin/ dipyridamole, GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, vitamin K antagonists, NSAIDs e.g. indometacin, cytostatics, dextran, thrombolytics, sulfinpyrazone, probenecid, and etacrynic acid.



(ii) A reduction of the anticoagulant effect may occur with concomitant administration of antihistamines, cardiac glycosides, tetracycline and ascorbic acid.



Because NSAIDs and ASA analgesic/anti-inflammatory doses reduce production of vasodilatatory prostaglandins, and thereby renal blood flow and the renal excretion, particular care should be taken when administering dalteparin concomitantly with NSAIDs or high dose ASA in patients with renal failure.



However, if there are no specific contraindications, patients with unstable coronary artery disease (unstable angina and non-Q-wave infarction) can be treated with low doses of acetylsalicylic acid.



As heparin has been shown to interact with intravenous nitroglycerine, high dose penicillin, quinine and tobacco smoking interaction cannot be ruled out for dalteparin.



4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation



Pregnancy



Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, embryonal/foetal developments, parturition or postnatal development (see Section 5.3 Preclinical Safety Data).



Only very limited controlled studies are so far available on the use of low molecular heparins in pregnancy. Dalteparin does not pass the placenta.



If dalteparin is used during pregnancy, the possibility of foetal harm appears remote. However, because the possibility of harm cannot be completely ruled out, dalteparin should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed (see Section 5.3 Preclinical Safety Data).



Therefore, caution should be exercised when prescribing to pregnant women.



Epidural anaesthesia during childbirth is absolutely contraindicated in women who are being treated with high-dose anticoagulants (see section 4.3). In pregnant women during the last trimester, dalteparin anti-Xa half-lives of 4 to 5 hours were measured.



Fragmin 25000 IU/ml, solution for injection, solution, contain benzyl alcohol as a preservative. As benzyl alcohol may cross the placenta, Fragmin without preservative should therefore be used during pregnancy (see section 4.4 warnings and precautions).



Therapeutic failures have been reported in pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves on full anti-coagulant doses of low molecular weight heparin. In the absence of clear dosing, efficacy and safety information in this circumstance, Fragmin is not recommended for use in pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves.



Lactation



Limited data are available for excretion of dalteparin in human milk. One study in 15 women(between day 3 and 5 of lactation and 2 to 3 hours after receiving prophylactic doses of dalteparin) detected small amounts of anti-factor Xa levels of 2 to 8% of plasma levels in breast milk, equivalent to a milk/plasma ratio of <0.025-0.224. As oral absorption of low molecular weight heparin is extremely low the clinical implications, if any, of this small amount of anticoagulant activity on the nursing infant are unknown.



A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded. A decision on whether to continue/discontinue breast-feeding or to continue/discontinue therapy with Fragmin should be made taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding to the child and the benefit of Fragmin therapy to the woman.



4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines



Fragmin does not affect the ability to drive or operate machinery.



4.8 Undesirable Effects



About 3% of the patients having had prophylactic treatment reported side-effects.



The reported adverse reactions, which may possibly be associated to dalteparin sodium, are listed in the following table by system organ class and frequency group: common (1/100, <1/10), uncommon (1/1000, <1/100), rare (1/10 000).



Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.



Adverse events associated with dalteparin therapy, in patients participating in controlled clinical studies were:




























System Organ Class




Frequency




Adverse Reactions




Blood and lymphatic system disorders




Common



 



Rare




Reversible Mild non-immunologically-mediated thrombocytopenia (type I)



Haemorrhage



Immunologically-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (type II, with or without associated thrombotic complications – arterial and/or thrombosis or thromboembolism)




Immune system disorders




Rare




Allergic reactions




Endocrine disorders




Uncommon




Hyperkalaemia




Vascular disorders




Common




Haemorrhage (bleeding at any site)




Hepatic and biliary disorders




Common




Transient elevation of liver transaminases (ASAT, ALAT)




Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders




Uncommon



Rare




Urticaria, pruritus



Skin necrosis, transient alopecia




General disorders and administration site conditions




Uncommon



Common




Pain at injection site,



Subcutaneous haematoma at injection site



In post-marketing experience, the following additional undesirable effects have been reported:




















System Organ Class




Undesirable Effects




Immune system disorders




Anaphylactic reactions




Endocrine Disorders




Hypoaldosteronism




Nervous system disorders




Intracranial bleeds have been reported and some have been fatal




Cardiac Disorders




Prosthetic cardiac valve thrombosis




Vascular Disorders




Haemorrhage (bleeding at any site), some cases reported have been fatal




Gastrointestinal disorders




Retroperitoneal bleeds have been reported and some have been fatal




Injury, poisoning and procedural complications




Spinal or epidural haematoma



The risk of bleeding is depending on dose. Most bleedings are mild. Severe bleedings have been reported, some cases with fatal outcome.



Heparin products can cause hypoaldosteronism which may result in an increase in plasma potassium. Rarely, clinically significant hyperkalaemia may occur particularly in patients with chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus (see section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use).



Long term treatment with heparin has been associated with a risk of osteoporosis. Although this has not been observed with dalteparin, the risk of osteoporosis cannot be excluded.



4.9 Overdose



The anticoagulant effect (i.e. prolongation of the APTT) induced by Fragmin is inhibited by protamine. Since protamine itself has an inhibiting effect on primary haemostasis it should be used only in an emergency.



The prolongation of the clotting time induced by Fragmin may be fully neutralised by protamine, but the anti-Factor Xa activity is only neutralised to about 25-50%. 1 mg of protamine inhibits the effect of 100 IU (anti-Factor Xa) of Fragmin.



Protamine should be given by intravenous injection over approximately 10 minutes.



5. Pharmacological Properties



5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties



ATC Code BO1 AB 04: Antithrombotics



Dalteparin sodium is a low molecular weight heparin fraction (average molecular weight 4000-6000 Daltons) produced from porcine-derived sodium heparin.



Dalteparin sodium is an antithrombotic agent, which acts mainly through its ability to potentiate the inhibition of Factor Xa and thrombin by antithrombin. It has a relatively higher ability to potentiate Factor Xa inhibition than to prolong plasma clotting time (APTT).



Compared with standard, unfractionated heparin, dalteparin sodium has a reduced adverse effect on platelet function and platelet adhesion, and thus has only a minimal effect on primary haemostasis. Some of the antithrombotic properties of dalteparin sodium are thought to be mediated through the effects on vessel walls or the fibrinolytic system.



The randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter CLOT study (Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular Weight Heparin Versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for Long Term Anticoagulation in Cancer patients with Venous Thomboembolism) compared dalteparin to standard oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy in the long term treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in 676 patients with active malignancy who had experienced an acute symptomatic VTE (deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or a pulmonary embolism (PE)).



Patients were randomized to one of two groups:



- dalteparin arm prescribed at 200 IU/kg/day administered by subcutaneous (SC) injections (maximum 18,000 IU/day) during 1 month, then approximately 150 IU/kg/day from 2nd– 6th month, or



- VKA arm prescribed during 6 months (target INR 2-3), preceded by SC dalteparin 200 IU/kg/day OD (maximum 18,000 IU/day) during 5 to 7 days.



The most frequent diagnoses were: tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (23.7%), genitourinary tumors (prostate, testicle, cervix, uterus, ovary and bladder) (21.5%), breast (16.0%), lung (13.3%). 10.4% of patients had haematological malignancies ; 75.1% of patients had metastatic disease.



The index VTE event was DVT alone in nearly 70% and PE with or without DVT in 30% of patients.



The primary endpoint was the time to first recurrence of symptomatic VTE (DVT and/or PE) during 6 months.



A total of 27 patients of 338 (8.0%) in the dalteparin arm and 53 patients of 338 (15.7%) in the VKA arm experienced at least one of the events of the composite primary endpoint. A significant 52% risk reduction in VTE recurrence at 6 months was seen with dalteparin (RR= 0.48, 95% CI [0.30-0.77], p=0.0016).



In the dalteparin arm, 19 patients (5.6%) experienced at least one episode of major bleeding compared to 12 patients (3.6%) in the VKA arm. The cumulative probability of experiencing a major bleeding at 6 months was respectively 6.5% and 4.9%, respectively. Any bleeding occurred with a higher frequency in the VKA arm (18.5% VKA vs 13.6% dalteparin). The comparison of the cumulative probability of first bleeding episode for the 2 treatments was of statistical significance in favour of dalteparin treatment (p=0.0487).



There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups in deaths at 6 and 12 months (131 vs. 137 and 190 vs. 194 in the dalteparin and VKA arms, respectively).



There was no significant difference in the assessment of Quality of Life between the two groups of treatment.



5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties



The half life following iv and sc. administration is 2 hours and 3.5-4 hours respectively, twice that of unfractionated heparin.



The bioavailability following sc. injection is approximately 87 per cent and the pharmacokinetics are not dose dependent. The half life is prolonged in uraemic patients as dalteparin sodium is eliminated primarily through the kidneys.



Special Populations



Haemodialysis:



In patients with chronic renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis, the mean terminal hal-life of anti-Factor Xa activity following a single intravenous dose of 5000 IU dalteparin was 5.7 ± 2.0 hours, i.e. considerably longer than values observed in healthy volunteers, therefore, greater accumulation can be expected in these patients.



5.3 Preclinical Safety Data



The acute toxicity of dalteparin sodium is considerably lower than that of heparin. The only significant finding, which occurred consistently throughout the toxicity studies after subcutaneous administration of the higher dose levels was local haemorrhage at the injection site, dose-related in incidence and severity. There was no cumulative effect on injection site haemorrhages.



The haemorrhagic reaction was reflected in dose related changes in the anticoagulant effects as measured by APTT and anti-Factor Xa activities.



It was concluded that dalteparin sodium may have an osteopenic effect at very high concentrations, and that this effect is less than that of unfractionated heparin at equivalent doses.



The results revealed no organ toxicity irrespective of the route of administration, doses or the duration of treatment. No mutagenic effect was found. No embryotoxic or teratogenic effects and no effect on fertility reproductive capacity or peri- and postnatal development was shown.



6. Pharmaceutical Particulars



6.1 List Of Excipients










1




Fragmin 5,000 IU/0.2ml (1)



Water for injections (Ph. Eur)




2




Fragmin 7,500 IU/0.3ml (2)



Water for injections (Ph. Eur)



Sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment




3 – 6




Fragmin 10,000 IU/0.4ml (3)



Fragmin 12,500 IU/0.5ml (4)



Fragmin 15,000 IU/0.6ml (5)



Fragmin 18,000 IU/0.72ml (6)



Water for Injections (Ph. Eur)



Sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment



6.2 Incompatibilities



Not applicable.



6.3 Shelf Life






















1




Fragmin 5,000 IU/0.2ml




36 months




2




Fragmin 7,500 IU/0.3ml




36 months




3




Fragmin 10,000 IU/0.4ml




24 months




4




Fragmin 12,500 IU/0.5ml




24 months




5




Fragmin 15,000 IU/0.6ml




24 months




6




Fragmin 18,000 IU/0.72ml




24 months



6.4 Special Precautions For Storage



1 – 6 : Store below 25oC



6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container
















1




Fragmin 5,000 IU/0.2ml Solution for Injection is supplied in 0.5ml glass Ph.Eur type I single dose syringes with chlorobutyl (Type I) rubber and polypropylene rod. Each pack contains 10 syringes.




2




Fragmin 7,500 IU/0.3ml Solution for Injection is supplied in 0.5ml glass Ph.Eur type I single dose syringes with chlorobutyl (Type I) rubber and polypropylene rod. Each pack contains 10 syringes.




3




Fragmin 10,000 IU/0.4 ml Solution for Injection is supplied in 1 ml glass Ph. Eur. Type I single dose syringes with chlorobutyl (Type I) rubber stopper and polypropylene rod. Each pack contains 5 syringes.




4




Fragmin 12,500 IU/0.5 ml solution for injection is supplied in 1 ml glass Ph. Eur. Type I single dose syringes with chlorobutyl (Type I ) rubber stopper and polypropylene rod. Each pack contains 5 syringes.




5




Fragmin 15 000 IU/0.6 ml solution for injection is supplied in 1 ml glass Ph. Eur. Type I single dose syringes with chlorobutyl (Type I ) rubber stopper and polypropylene rod. Each pack contains 5 syringes.




6




1 ml single dose syringe (glass Ph. Eur. Type I) with chlorobutyl rubber stopper containing dalteparin sodium 18,000 IU (anti-Factor Xa) in 0.72 ml. Each pack contains 5 syringes.



6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling



Not applicable



7. Marketing Authorisation Holder



Pfizer Limited



Ramsgate Road



Sandwich KENT



CT13 9NJ



United Kingdom



8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)
















1




PL 00057/0984




2




PL 00057/0985




3




PL 00057/0976




4




PL 00057/0980




5




PL 00057/0981




6




PL 00057/0982



9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation













1




:




18 March 2002




2




:




26 June 2002




3 – 6




:




18 March 2002



10. Date Of Revision Of The Text



June 2011



LEGAL CATEGORY


POM



Ref: FR 6_1




Wednesday, 14 March 2012

gadopentetate dimeglumine


Generic Name: gadopentetate dimeglumine (gad oh PEN te tate dye MEG loo meen)

Brand names: Magnevist, Multihance(obsolete)


What is gadopentetate dimeglumine?

Gadopentetate dimeglumine is a contrast agent that produces magnetic effects. It is used in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to allow blood vessels, organs, and other non-bony tissues to be seen more clearly on the MRI.


Gadopentetate dimeglumine is used to help diagnose certain disorders of the heart, brain, blood vessels, and spinal tissues.


Gadopentetate dimeglumine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about gadopentetate dimeglumine?


Gadopentetate dimeglumine can cause a life-threatening condition in people with advanced kidney disease. The symptoms of this condition include:

  • burning, itching, swelling, scaling, and tightening or hardening of your skin;




  • muscle weakness;




  • joint stiffness in your arms, hands, legs, or feet;




  • deep bone pain in your ribs or your hips;




  • trouble moving; or




  • skin redness or discoloration.




Before receiving this medication, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease or if you are on dialysis. You may not be able to receive gadopentetate dimeglumine. Your doctor or other healthcare provider may want to watch you for a short time after your test is over. This is to make sure you do not have any unwanted side effects or delayed reactions.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before receiving gadopentetate dimeglumine?


Gadopentetate dimeglumine can cause a life-threatening condition in people with advanced kidney disease. The symptoms of this condition include:

  • burning, itching, swelling, scaling, and tightening or hardening of your skin;




  • muscle weakness;




  • joint stiffness in your arms, hands, legs, or feet;




  • deep bone pain in your ribs or your hips;




  • trouble moving; or




  • skin redness or discoloration.




Before receiving this medication, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease or if you are on dialysis. You may not be able to receive gadopentetate dimeglumine.

To make sure you can safely receive this medication, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:



  • diabetes;




  • high blood pressure;




  • liver disease (or liver transplant);




  • asthma, hay fever, or a history of food or drug allergies;




  • if you are over 60 years old;




  • if you have ever had any type of reaction to a contrast agent; or




  • if you have recently had an injury, surgery, or severe infection.




FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether gadopentetate dimeglumine will harm an unborn baby. Before you receive this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant. Gadopentetate dimeglumine can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not receive this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How is gadopentetate dimeglumine used?


Gadopentetate dimeglumine is injected into a vein through an IV. You will receive this injection in a clinic or hospital setting during your MRI.


Your doctor or other healthcare provider may want to watch you for a short time after your test is over. This is to make sure you do not have any unwanted side effects or delayed reactions.

What happens if I miss a dose?


Since gadopentetate dimeglumine is used only during your MRI, you will not be on a dosing schedule.


What happens if I overdose?


Since this medication is given by a healthcare professional in a medical setting, an overdose is unlikely to occur.


What should I avoid after receiving gadopentetate dimeglumine?


Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.


Gadopentetate dimeglumine side effects


Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

  • urinating less than usual or not at all;




  • drowsiness, confusion, mood changes, increased thirst, loss of appetite;




  • swelling, weight gain, feeling short of breath; or




  • swelling, irritation, or skin changes where the injection was given.



Less serious side effects may include:



  • headache;




  • dizziness; or




  • nausea.



This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


Gadopentetate dimeglumine Dosing Information


Usual Adult Dose for CNS Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

0.1 mmol/kg (0.2 mL/kg) as a rapid bolus intravenous injection, at a rate not to exceed 10 mL per 15 seconds. Dosing for patients in excess of 286 pounds has not been studied. To ensure complete injection of the medium, the injection should be followed by a saline flush of at least 5 mL.

Usual Adult Dose for Vascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

0.1 mmol/kg (0.2 mL/kg) as a rapid bolus intravenous injection, at a rate not to exceed 10 mL per 15 seconds. Dosing for patients in excess of 286 pounds has not been studied. To ensure complete injection of the medium, the injection should be followed by a saline flush of at least 5 mL.

Usual Pediatric Dose for CNS Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

2 years to 18 years of age: 0.1 mmol/kg (0.2 mL/kg) as a rapid bolus intravenous injection, at a rate not to exceed 10 mL per 15 seconds. Dosing for patients in excess of 286 pounds has not been studied. To ensure complete injection of the medium, the injection should be followed by a saline flush of at least 5 mL.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Vascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

2 years to 18 years of age: 0.1 mmol/kg (0.2 mL/kg) as a rapid bolus intravenous injection, at a rate not to exceed 10 mL per 15 seconds. Dosing for patients in excess of 286 pounds has not been studied. To ensure complete injection of the medium, the injection should be followed by a saline flush of at least 5 mL.


What other drugs will affect gadopentetate dimeglumine?


This medication can harm the kidneys in certain people, and this effect may be increased if you also use other medicines harmful to the kidneys. Before you receive gadopentetate dimeglumine, tell your doctor about all other medications you use. Many other drugs (including some over-the-counter medicines) can be harmful to the kidneys.


There may be other drugs that can affect gadopentetate dimeglumine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.



More gadopentetate dimeglumine resources


  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine Dosage
  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine Drug Interactions
  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine Support Group
  • 1 Review for Gadopentetate dimeglumine - Add your own review/rating


  • Gadopentetate Dimeglumine MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Magnevist Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Magnevist Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Magnevist Consumer Overview



Compare gadopentetate dimeglumine with other medications


  • CNS Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Vascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging


Where can I get more information?


  • Your doctor or pharmacist can provide more information about gadopentetate dimeglumine.

See also: gadopentetate dimeglumine side effects (in more detail)


Monday, 12 March 2012

acetaminophen and oxycodone


Generic Name: acetaminophen and oxycodone (a SEET a MIN oh fen and OX i KOE done)

Brand names: Endocet, Magnacet, Percocet 10/325, Percocet 10/650, Percocet 2.5/325, Percocet 5/325, Percocet 7.5/325, Percocet 7.5/500, Primalev, Primlev, Roxicet, Tylox, Xolox, Roxilox, Perloxx, Narvox


What is acetaminophen and oxycodone?

Oxycodone is in a group of drugs called narcotic pain relievers.


Acetaminophen is a less potent pain reliever that increases the effects of oxycodone.


The combination of acetaminophen and oxycodone is used to relieve moderate to severe pain.


Acetaminophen and oxycodone may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about acetaminophen and oxycodone?


Tell your doctor if you have ever had alcoholic liver disease (cirrhosis) or if you drink more than 3 alcoholic beverages per day. You may not be able to take medicine that contains acetaminophen. Do not take more of this medication than is recommended. An overdose of acetaminophen can damage your liver or cause death. Tell your doctor if the medicine seems to stop working as well in relieving your pain. Oxycodone may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it. This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert. Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage while taking acetaminophen.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking acetaminophen and oxycodone?


Do not use this medication if you are allergic to acetaminophen (Tylenol) or oxycodone. Tell your doctor if you have ever had alcoholic liver disease (cirrhosis) or if you drink more than 3 alcoholic beverages per day. You may not be able to take medicine that contains acetaminophen.

To make sure you can safely take acetaminophen and oxycodone, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:



  • asthma, COPD, sleep apnea, or other breathing disorders;




  • liver or kidney disease;




  • a history of head injury or brain tumor;




  • epilepsy or other seizure disorder;




  • low blood pressure;




  • a stomach, intestinal, or pancreas disorder;




  • underactive thyroid;




  • Addison's disease or other adrenal gland disorder;




  • enlarged prostate, urination problems;




  • curvature of the spine;




  • mental illness; or




  • a history of drug or alcohol addiction.




Oxycodone may be habit forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Never share acetaminophen and oxycodone with another person, especially someone with a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a place where others cannot get to it. FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether this medication is harmful to an unborn baby, but it could cause breathing problems or addiction/withdrawal symptoms in a newborn. Before you take acetaminophen and oxycodone, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Acetaminophen and oxycodone may pass into breast milk and could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take acetaminophen and oxycodone?


Take exactly as prescribed. Never take acetaminophen and oxycodone in larger amounts, or for longer than recommended by your doctor. An overdose of acetaminophen can damage your liver or cause death. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Tell your doctor if the medicine seems to stop working as well in relieving your pain.

One acetaminophen and oxycodone tablet may contain up to 650 mg of acetaminophen. Know the amount of acetaminophen in the specific product you are taking.


Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.


Drink 6 to 8 full glasses of water daily to help prevent constipation while you are taking acetaminophen and oxycodone. Do not use a stool softener (laxative) without first asking your doctor. Do not stop using this medicine suddenly after long-term use, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Ask your doctor how to avoid withdrawal symptoms when you stop using acetaminophen and oxycodone.

Acetaminophen can cause false results with certain lab tests for glucose (sugar) in the urine. Talk to your doctor if you are diabetic and you notice changes in your glucose levels during treatment.


If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using acetaminophen and oxycodone. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time.


Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Keep track of the amount of medicine used from each new bottle. Oxycodone is a drug of abuse and you should be aware if anyone is using your medicine improperly or without a prescription.


Always check your bottle to make sure you have received the correct pills (same brand and type) of medicine prescribed by your doctor. Ask the pharmacist if you have any questions about the medicine you receive at the pharmacy.


After you have stopped using this medication, flush any unused pills down the toilet.


See also: Acetaminophen and oxycodone dosage (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?


Since acetaminophen and oxycodone is taken as needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are taking the medication regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of acetaminophen and oxycodone can be fatal.

The first signs of an acetaminophen overdose include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, sweating, and confusion or weakness. Later symptoms may include pain in your upper stomach, dark urine, and yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes.


Overdose symptoms may also include extreme drowsiness, pinpoint pupils, cold and clammy skin, muscle weakness, fainting, weak pulse, slow heart rate, coma, blue lips, shallow breathing, or no breathing


What should I avoid while taking acetaminophen and oxycodone?


This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert. Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any other cold, allergy, pain, or sleep medication. Acetaminophen (sometimes abbreviated as APAP) is contained in many combination medicines. Taking certain products together can cause you to get too much acetaminophen which can lead to a fatal overdose. Check the label to see if a medicine contains acetaminophen or APAP. Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage while taking acetaminophen.

Acetaminophen and oxycodone side effects


Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

  • shallow breathing, slow heartbeat;




  • feeling light-headed, fainting;




  • confusion, unusual thoughts or behavior;




  • seizure (convulsions);




  • problems with urination; or




  • nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).



Less serious side effects include:



  • feeling dizzy or drowsy;




  • mild nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, constipation;




  • blurred vision; or




  • dry mouth.



This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


Acetaminophen and oxycodone Dosing Information


Usual Adult Dose for Pain:

Initial dose:
One tablet or capsule (acetaminophen/oxycodone 325 mg-5 mg), (acetaminophen/oxycodone 500 mg-5 mg), or (acetaminophen/oxycodone 500 mg-10 mg) orally every 6 hours as needed, or 5 mL (acetaminophen/oxycodone 325 mg-5 mg) oral elixir every 6 hours as needed.

Alternatively, the following dosage combinations may be used:
one or two tablets of acetaminophen-oxycodone 300 mg-2.5 mg every six hours (maximal daily dose is 12 tablets), or
one tablet of acetaminophen-oxycodone 300 mg-5 mg every six hours (maximal daily dose is 12 tablets), or
one tablet of acetaminophen-oxycodone 300 mg-7.5 mg every six hours (maximal daily dose is 8 tablets), or
one tablet of acetaminophen-oxycodone 300 mg-10 mg every six hours (maximal daily dose is 6 tablets), or
one or two tablets of acetaminophen-oxycodone 400 mg-2.5 mg every six hours (maximal daily dose is 10 tablets), or
one tablet of acetaminophen-oxycodone 400 mg-5 mg every six hours (maximal daily dose is 10 tablets), or
one tablet of acetaminophen-oxycodone 400 mg-7.5 mg every six hours (maximal daily dose is 8 tablets), or
one tablet of acetaminophen-oxycodone 400 mg-10 mg every six hours (maximal daily dose is 6 tablets) as needed.

Usual Geriatric Dose for Pain:

Initial dose: 1/2 tablet (acetaminophen/oxycodone 163-250 mg-2.5 mg) orally every 6 hours as needed or
2.5 mL (acetaminophen/oxycodone 163 mg-2.5 mg) oral elixir every 6 hours as needed.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Pain:

Dosage calculations are based on oxycodone: 0.05 - 0.15 mg/kg/dose, given every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Severe pain dosage up to 0.2 mg/kg/dose, given every 3 to 4 hours.


What other drugs will affect acetaminophen and oxycodone?


Do not take acetaminophen and oxycodone with any other narcotic pain medications, sedatives, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, or other medicines that can make you sleepy or slow your breathing. Dangerous side effects may result.

Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use, especially:



  • glycopyrrolate (Robinul);




  • mepenzolate (Cantil);




  • atropine (Donnatal, and others), benztropine (Cogentin), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine (Pamine), or scopolamine (Transderm-Scop);




  • bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin (Enablex), flavoxate (Urispas), oxybutynin (Ditropan, Oxytrol), tolterodine (Detrol), or solifenacin (Vesicare);




  • a bronchodilator such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva); or




  • irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine (Bentyl), hyoscyamine (Anaspaz, Cystospaz, Levsin, and others), or propantheline (Pro-Banthine).



This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with acetaminophen and oxycodone. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.



More acetaminophen and oxycodone resources


  • Acetaminophen and oxycodone Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Acetaminophen and oxycodone Dosage
  • Acetaminophen and oxycodone Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Acetaminophen and oxycodone Drug Interactions
  • Acetaminophen and oxycodone Support Group
  • 281 Reviews for Acetaminophen and oxycodone - Add your own review/rating


Compare acetaminophen and oxycodone with other medications


  • Pain


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist can provide more information about acetaminophen and oxycodone.

See also: acetaminophen and oxycodone side effects (in more detail)